Earthenware pipe is clay fired to a glass-like (vitrified) finish, giving excellent chemical resistance and a long service life in stable ground. Its weakness is the system, not the material: short lengths joined every 600–900 mm with mortar or rubber rings create hundreds of joints for ground movement to open and roots to exploit.
A huge share of Brisbane's pre-1980s housing still drains through earthenware, which is why root intrusion and displaced joints dominate older-suburb inspections.